Abstract Title
Long-Term Survival of Murine Norovirus, Simian Rotavirus, and Porcine Sapovirus in Drinking Water
Presenter
Ziwei Zhao, University of Helsinki
Co-Author(s)
Ziwei Zhao1, Linda J. Saif2, Leena Maunula1.
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 1University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
2The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
Abstract Category
Food & Environmental Virology-I (Food)
Abstract
Background: Waterborne viruses, such as human enteric viruses, pose public health risks via contaminated drinking water. The long-term survival of viruses in bottled water is understudied. This research investigates the persistence of model viruses—murine norovirus (MNV), simian rhesus rotavirus (RRV), and porcine sapovirus (PoSaV)—under varying storage conditions, contributing to water safety management.
Methods: Bottled drinking water samples were inoculated with each virus and stored at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C for up to one year. Viral concentrations were assessed periodically using TCID50 assay, plaque assay and immunofluorescence (IF) to evaluate persistence.
Results: Initial titers of MNV and RRV were 5.17 log10 TCID50/mL and 6.46 log10 PFU/mL, respectively. At 4°C, both MNV and RRV remained stable for 80 days. At 25°C, MNV titers declined to 4.08, 3.25, and 1.06 log10 TCID50/mL at 20, 40, and 80 days, respectively, while RRV titers showed minor reductions. At 37°C, MNV titers dropped to 2.81 and 0.5 log10 TCID50/mL, and RRV titers decreased to 5.57 and 4.78 log10 PFU/mL after 10 and 20 days, respectively. A method using IF on LLC-PK1 cells for PoSaV detection using chamber slides was applied. Preliminary results will be shown.
Conclusion: Temperature and storage duration significantly affect virus survival in drinking water. Among the studied viruses, RRV demonstrated greater persistence across all conditions, particularly at elevated temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of considering both temperature and time in assessing viral risks in water safety management. Further studies are required to evaluate additional environmental factors influencing viral survival.
Methods: Bottled drinking water samples were inoculated with each virus and stored at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C for up to one year. Viral concentrations were assessed periodically using TCID50 assay, plaque assay and immunofluorescence (IF) to evaluate persistence.
Results: Initial titers of MNV and RRV were 5.17 log10 TCID50/mL and 6.46 log10 PFU/mL, respectively. At 4°C, both MNV and RRV remained stable for 80 days. At 25°C, MNV titers declined to 4.08, 3.25, and 1.06 log10 TCID50/mL at 20, 40, and 80 days, respectively, while RRV titers showed minor reductions. At 37°C, MNV titers dropped to 2.81 and 0.5 log10 TCID50/mL, and RRV titers decreased to 5.57 and 4.78 log10 PFU/mL after 10 and 20 days, respectively. A method using IF on LLC-PK1 cells for PoSaV detection using chamber slides was applied. Preliminary results will be shown.
Conclusion: Temperature and storage duration significantly affect virus survival in drinking water. Among the studied viruses, RRV demonstrated greater persistence across all conditions, particularly at elevated temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of considering both temperature and time in assessing viral risks in water safety management. Further studies are required to evaluate additional environmental factors influencing viral survival.