Abstract Title
Murine Norovirus Inactivation and Adaptation to Ammonia
Presenter
Putri Shafa Kamila, Tohoku University
Co-Author(s)
Putri S Kamila*, Wakana Oishi**, Daisuke Sano***
*Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, putri.shafa.kamila.p7@dc.tohoku.ac.jp
**Department of Civil and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, wakana.oishi.d1@tohoku.ac.jp
***Department of Civil and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, daisuke.sano.e1@tohoku.ac.jp
Abstract Category
Food & Environmental Virology-II (Wastewater & others)
Abstract
Non-sewered sanitation systems are gaining recognition as viable solutions to meet Sustainable Development Goal targets for safe sanitation. However, these systems face challenges related to the spread of waterborne pathogens, particularly viruses. Although many disinfection methods are available, their long-term effectiveness is uncertain, as viruses can rapidly adapt to environmental stresses. Therefore, relying on a single disinfection strategy may be insufficient to prevent outbreaks.
This research aimed to investigate the inactivation and adaptation of murine norovirus (MNV) to ammonia, a known in-situ sanitizer. A 3-log reduction of MNV was achieved with 348 ± 43 mM ammonia after 90 minutes. Experimental adaptation studies provided new insights compared to other disinfectants like chlorine and lime, as resistance did not develop over similar passage cycles.
Two possible explanations are proposed. First, the relative fitness of specific genome subsets may reflect quasispecies dynamics in response to environmental changes, in this case, disinfection conditions. Although certain mutations increased in frequency during replication, they may not have dominated or altered the susceptibility. Second, the unique inactivation mechanism of ammonia that leads to genome integrity loss, may affect all single-stranded RNA virus sequences similarly. This raises the hypothesis that populations resulting from experimental adaptation would remain susceptible to ammonia.
To indirectly investigate the effect of ammonia on different sequences, several segments of MNV genome will be analyzed, and the result will be extrapolated to the whole genome. Overall, this research enhances understanding of viral adaptation under disinfection pressure and highlights the potential of ammonia for long-term application.
This research aimed to investigate the inactivation and adaptation of murine norovirus (MNV) to ammonia, a known in-situ sanitizer. A 3-log reduction of MNV was achieved with 348 ± 43 mM ammonia after 90 minutes. Experimental adaptation studies provided new insights compared to other disinfectants like chlorine and lime, as resistance did not develop over similar passage cycles.
Two possible explanations are proposed. First, the relative fitness of specific genome subsets may reflect quasispecies dynamics in response to environmental changes, in this case, disinfection conditions. Although certain mutations increased in frequency during replication, they may not have dominated or altered the susceptibility. Second, the unique inactivation mechanism of ammonia that leads to genome integrity loss, may affect all single-stranded RNA virus sequences similarly. This raises the hypothesis that populations resulting from experimental adaptation would remain susceptible to ammonia.
To indirectly investigate the effect of ammonia on different sequences, several segments of MNV genome will be analyzed, and the result will be extrapolated to the whole genome. Overall, this research enhances understanding of viral adaptation under disinfection pressure and highlights the potential of ammonia for long-term application.